Each time u win a Decisive Bonds battle, You just get rewards like Moon Scrolls or Genin/Jonin/Chunin fragment gift packs when u raise your DB rank . That’s it and to raise ur rank just complete battles. If you fail battles not only will rank points decrease, but your rank also will decrease.

If you mean those numbers on treasure 1 to 9, don't think they do anything now. Before you got better loot from 9s but they replaced all loot with moon points, before they used to drop cave keys/charm fragments/etc but then they replaced all drops with moon coins.