Regular stats are just what they say, the pure stats you have at that given time after all boost are applied(Mood, Group Skills, Awakenings etc)
Growth stats are a constant which is part of the formula that determines how much you gain in a specific stat with every level up/power up. I don't know the exact formula(doubt anyone but the devs do) but in general the higher the Growth for one stat the more it'll go up after you grow that ninja